Georgetown Law
Technology Review

Since the dawn of human civilization, the evolution of spoken language has laid the foundation for communication upon which all human and technological interactions are constructed. Language furnishes us with the vocabulary, semantic subtleties, and grammatical frameworks essential for conveying complex ideas and concepts. Large Language Models (LLMs) are advanced artificial intelligence (AI) systems that have redefined how machines process and generate human language. LLMs utilize massive datasets, deep neural network architectures, and transformer mechanisms to process and produce text that closely resembles human communication. These capabilities make them highly effective for various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, including text translation, code generation, and chatbots. Since their inception, prominent LLMs like ChatGPT and Google Translate have become indispensable tools for advancing technology that seamlessly integrates with human communication. This Technology Explainer provides a high-level overview of the background, key functionalities, operation, and types of LLMs, as well as a commentary on their limitations and potential.

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